This space in the Temple Mayor Museum welcomes visitors with one of the most important pieces in the museum's collection: the Tlaltecuhtli monolith, "The Lord or Lady of the Earth." It is a piece carved from andesite lamprobolite, an extrusive volcanic rock with pink and violet tones. As it represents the female version of this deity, it stands out with its natural childbirth position.

Additionally, there is the skull nail wall, a remarkable museographic presentation that evokes the Tzompantli, which was originally made with human skulls.

Aquí se pueden apreciar objetos producto del tributo, impuesto a través de la guerra y también del comercio que los mexicas mantuvieron con diversos pueblos y que fueron depositados en las ofrendas por su valor simbólico. Algunas regiones fueron muy importantes para la actividad económica mexica, como por ejemplo, los yacimientos de obsidiana de la Sierra de las Navajas, en el actual estado de Hidalgo, y la zona de Otumba, en el Estado de México, principalmente.

Además,se exhiben piezas provenientes de la zona mixteca, como es el grupo de figurillas de piedra verde, conocidas como penates, y que representan, en su mayoría, al dios Tláloc. De la actual Oaxaca es un grupo de joyas hechas en oro y plata. Los objetos de coral, caracoles y concha, trabajada en relieve, son originarios del océano Pacífico, del Golfo de México y del Caribe mexicano. En este espacio, resulta relevante la presencia de un enorme grupo de piezas llegadas de la zona de Mezcala, en el actual estado de Guerrero, que representa máscaras, cabezas y figuras humanas de cuerpo entero.

Es importante señalar que en esta sala se exhiben objetos de culturas anteriores a la mexica, entre los que destacan las máscaras teotihuacanas y una máscara olmeca, esta última es el objeto más antiguo encontrado hasta el momento en el Templo Mayor. El conjunto de artefactos nos remiten a la recuperación del pasado, actividad muy importante para los mexicas.

In this section, visitors can appreciate objects resulting from tribute, imposed through war, and from the trade the Mexicas maintained with various peoples, deposited in offerings for their symbolic value. Some regions were vital for the economic activity of the Mexicas, such as the obsidian deposits of the Sierra de las Navajas in the current Hidalgo state, and the Otumba area in Mexico State, mainly.

The exhibit also showcases pieces from the Mixtec region, such as greenstone figurines known as penates, primarily representing the god Tláloc. From Oaxaca, a collection of gold and silver jewelry is exhibited. Objects made of coral, shells, and worked conch originate from the Pacific Ocean, the Gulf of Mexico, and the Mexican Caribbean. A notable group of pieces from the Mezcala region in Guerrero state is also displayed, featuring masks, heads, and full-body human figures.

It is important to highlight that this section also displays objects from cultures preceding the Mexica, including Teotihuacan masks and an Olmec mask, the latter being the oldest object found at the Temple Mayor. These artifacts offer a glimpse into the recovery of the past, an essential activity for the Mexicas.

This section focuses on the work carried out in the center of Mexico City, specifically in the area that housed the Ceremonial Center of Tenochtitlan.

In this room, visitors can learn about artifacts and sculptures found throughout the history of explorations in the Mexico City center. Key pieces include the basalt head of the god Xólotl found at Las Escalerillas, the Cuauhxicalli Eagle discovered at the Marqués del Apartado House, the recent findings at the Metropolitan Cathedral, and three examples of the main types of offerings discovered at the most important Mexica building: the Temple Mayor.

This room is dedicated to the most important archaeological finds in this area. Highlights include those of Coatlicue and the Sun Stone (Piedra de Sol), studied by León y Gama in 1790. The exhibit also showcases some works by Baron Alexander von Humboldt, as well as samples from the first excavations carried out in the early 20th century by Leopoldo Batres and Manuel Gamio, among others.

Every human activity among the Mexicas was deeply imbued with religious sentiment, and rituals were an inherent and inseparable part of the lives of those seeking communication with the gods. Rituals were celebrated according to the Tonalámatl calendar, varying in form, content, and duration depending on the divinity invoked. Rituals embodied the primal essence of dying to be reborn, of dying to satisfy the gods.

Visitors will have the chance to learn about some of the objects involved in various Mexica rituals, some discovered in the context of offerings, like Offering 17. Funerary rituals are represented through Offerings 10, 14, 34, 37, 39, and 44.

Another topic addressed in this room is the autosacrifice ritual, which involved piercing specific body parts with obsidian blades, maguey spines, or bone needles. Once bloodied, these were placed in small hay balls called Zacatapayoli, as an offering to the gods.

Huitzilopochtli is the god of war, a solar deity, and the patron of the Mexicas. Under his guidance, this people became the most powerful civilization in the Mesoamerican region during the Postclassic period.

In this room, various objects related to Huitzilopochtli are displayed. Among the most notable is the sculpture known as the "Eagle Warrior," found in the House of the Eagles, a religious building located north of the Temple Mayor. Studies by Dr. Leonardo López Luján offer a different interpretation of these figures, calling them Eagle Men, representing the rising sun or the Tlatoani (ruler) who is reborn after being chosen as the leader. Additionally, a representation of Mictlantecuhtli, the god of death, stands out among the exhibited pieces.

Other significant objects from this room, found on the side associated with Huitzilopochtli, include the representation of Mayahuel, the goddess of pulque; one of the several reliefs of the "Lord of the Earth," Tlaltecuhtli; several sculptures of the god of fire, Xiuhtecuhtli-Huehuetéotl; and, undoubtedly, the great Coyolxauhqui monolith, which is linked to the myth of Huitzilopochtli’s birth. Coyolxauhqui is the lunar goddess who lies dismembered and was discovered on February 21, 1978.

The god Tláloc, "the one who makes things sprout," was the representation of divinized water and the fertilizer of the earth, residing in the highest mountains where clouds form. He was a benevolent deity but also had a negative side, sending thunder, frost, floods, and hail, all of which could destroy crops. His most important shrine was located at the Temple Mayor in Tenochtitlan, next to Huitzilopochtli, and his worship was crucial as agricultural societies depended on him for sustenance. The sacrifice of children (mainly the sick) was often dedicated to Tláloc, due to their physical resemblance to the tlaloque, small gods and helpers of Tláloc.

Among the artifacts found in the Tláloc-related section, some noteworthy pieces include a pot with his effigy, a Chac Mool sculpture, a marine shell sculpture, and a relief representing Tláloc-Tlaltecuhtli.

This recently renovated section is dedicated to the flora and fauna found in various offerings from the Temple Mayor and other buildings in the Sacred Precinct. Many offerings were dedicated to animals and plants, revealing the acute perception the Mexicas had of their environment and the value they attributed to it in relation to their religious world. In fact, many prehispanic gods had animal traits, a result of their careful observation of the ecosystem to which humans belonged.

A standout collection includes objects found in Offering 102, dedicated to Tláloc, the rain god, in 2000, at the Las Ajaracas site. This offering revealed unique organic materials (which have not been registered again), including maguey fibers, paper, textiles, and yauhtli flowers, which, according to the Florentine Codex, were commonly used in rituals to this deity during the reign of Moctezuma II (1500-1520).

The Mexicas achieved great agricultural-urban development, for example, by enlarging the original islet using the chinampa system, which allowed for intensive agricultural production, as well as the construction of houses and buildings on land gained from the lake. They also built causeways and canals for canoe traffic and constructed roads connecting different villages to Tenochtitlan.

Organized trade was another crucial economic activity for the Mexica people. Pochteca merchants were highly esteemed, and their social status was relatively high. The primary commercial activity took place at the Tlatelolco market, which left a deep impression on the conquerors, as described in their accounts.

This section also displays numerous objects used by current indigenous communities to demonstrate the agricultural tools that the Mexicas must have used, as well as their economic sustenance.

The excavations at the Temple Mayor uncovered many objects corresponding to the Spanish occupation. One of the earliest objects from this period is a colonial column base showing the reuse of prehispanic religious sculptures in the construction of New Spanish buildings. Also found were heraldic shields used by noble families, both Creole and Peninsular, with designs corresponding to their family names, which were placed on the facades of houses to distinguish one family from another.

From 1541 onwards, the conquered Mexicas began learning European pottery techniques, such as glazing and the use of the potter’s wheel, influencing the shapes and styles of their ceramics. The blown glass technique began in Puebla in 1542, while flat glass for windows and stained glass was not developed until the 19th century. Mosaic tiles of Arabic origin also became prevalent during the Colonial period, and numerous examples of this technique were found during the Temple Mayor Project and the Urban Archaeology Program. Additionally, many metal objects corresponding to various stages of Mexican history were discovered. Notably, a colonial offering found in the Chapel of Souls was engraved with the date 1721.