The second part of this gallery explores the conflicts, social contrasts, and nation-building processes that shaped modern Mexico, with Querétaro playing a key role during civil wars, foreign interventions, and authoritarian regimes.

It begins with the Reform War (1857–1861) between Liberals and Conservatives, followed by the French Intervention and the arrival of Emperor Maximilian. The narrative continues through the Porfiriato and the Mexican Revolution, culminating in the 1917 Constitution. These events reflect Mexico's ongoing struggle to modernize and define its national identity.