The god Tláloc, "the one who makes things sprout," was the representation of divinized water and the fertilizer of the earth, residing in the highest mountains where clouds form. He was a benevolent deity but also had a negative side, sending thunder, frost, floods, and hail, all of which could destroy crops. His most important shrine was located at the Temple Mayor in Tenochtitlan, next to Huitzilopochtli, and his worship was crucial as agricultural societies depended on him for sustenance. The sacrifice of children (mainly the sick) was often dedicated to Tláloc, due to their physical resemblance to the tlaloque, small gods and helpers of Tláloc.

Among the artifacts found in the Tláloc-related section, some noteworthy pieces include a pot with his effigy, a Chac Mool sculpture, a marine shell sculpture, and a relief representing Tláloc-Tlaltecuhtli.