The Conquest of Mexico
The "Lienzo de Tlaxcala" (Tlaxcala Canvas) illustrates the arrival of Spanish conquistadors in the Puebla-Tlaxcala valley. The cultural transformation of this era is reflected in several sculptural pieces, such as a feather-covered dog from Tepeaca and a baptismal font from Tecamachalco. These pieces show how Indigenous artisans interpreted the religion and ideas imposed by the conquerors.

Colonial Period
During the Viceroyalty, Puebla became a leading agricultural and industrial region. From its foundation, it was home to major industries such as textiles, glassmaking, soap production, carpentry, blacksmithing, masonry, cabinetry, tanning, leatherwork, silversmithing, and ceramics.
The museum showcases a wide variety of "Talavera poblana" pottery, carved and polychrome wood sculptures, and colonial paintings. Most of these works come from religious contexts, as Puebla was known as a deeply devout city during the colonial period.

The Independence Period
This era was marked by social unrest and political upheaval. During the 19th century, Puebla endured ten military sieges and numerous social conflicts. The museum displays cannons, weapons, and military uniforms from these turbulent years.

The Porfirian Era
From the period of President Porfirio Díaz (1876–1911), the museum exhibits a luxurious carriage and elegant clothing that reflect the opulence of the privileged classes of the time. There are also military helmets, hats, weapons, and various personal items from the era.

The Mexican Revolution
Puebla played a vital role in the political and social transformation of 20th-century Mexico. The museum displays books, pamphlets, and photographs that evoke the revolutionary spirit culminating in the heroic actions of the Serdán brothers. Their uprising in November 1910 marked the beginning of the Mexican Revolution, a movement that laid the foundation for modern Mexico.