This phase covers the development and integration of various aspects of New Spanish society, from the early 17th century to the late 18th century. Olive presses, coins, and documents on local products like cochineal highlight the colony's growing economic independence from Spain. A model of a silver-processing patio illustrates the hacienda as a dominant economic unit. The rise of criollos to public office, the increasing power of the Church, and the Inquisition's role are represented through lavish objects. During this time, intellectuals such as Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz expressed aspirations for a society with its own identity. Baroque art flourished, along with religious symbols like the Virgin of Guadalupe. A recreated scene of Mexico City's main square, with its diverse population of the late 18th century, illustrates the cultural blend of Indigenous, Spanish, and African peoples.