Health and hygiene habits: Maximilian’s intent to “bring Mexico into the advancements of civilization” led him to modernize public services, including the replacement of traditional water carriers with piped potable water, drainage systems for the Valley of Mexico, paved streets, and gas lighting. At the time, bathing involved the use of tubs or basins along with pitchers and washbowls. At the Alcázar, where water arrived on muleback or in carts from nearby springs, both Maximilian and Carlota had private bathing chambers for their personal hygiene.

This space in earlier times:

• Residence of Maximilian • Lady-in-waiting’s room • 1866
• Observatory • Director’s room • 1877
• Presidential Residence (Manuel González) • Washing room • 1882
• Presidential Residence (Porfirio Díaz) • Bathroom • 1906
• Presidential Residence (Abelardo Rodríguez) • Bathroom • 1932