The evangelization of colonial California brought significant and often dramatic changes to the region. The process of acculturation ultimately led to the extinction of many Indigenous populations following the Jesuits’ expulsion from the peninsula. Liturgical and devotional objects mark the transition to a new era of secular settlement, giving rise to ranching culture and the development of a Baja Californian identity. The ranch house, built using local materials, and activities like cattle raising and leatherworking, illustrate the shift from the mission era to secular colonization.