A fundamental part of the set of beliefs in Cañada de la Virgen was the observation of the sky, the knowledge of the celestial bodies and their different cycles. It has been confirmed that certain celestial positions are related to the cycles which mark the times for different economic activities, such as farming, and for carrying out ceremonies, such as the possible ancestral worship.

Orientations and alignments of the buildings, structures and landscape features such as peaks of hills and mountains have also been identified. The main astronomical phenomena observed were recorded from the peak of the pyramidal base, the entrance gateway and the interior of the sunken courtyard. Research has focused on the study of the Sun, the Moon and the planet Venus.

One date of note is August 25, when the Sun is aligned with the principal axis of symmetry. This imaginary line divides the main architectural elements and Complex A in particular into two equal halves. The other important date is the winter solstice, which is observed from the portico of the sunken courtyard of this complex. In this case, the Sun appears to hide in the northern base of the second body of the pyramidal plinth.